FOFM (SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions)

SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions is a first order fire effects model for predicting fuel consumption, smoke production, and soil heating caused by prescribed fire or wildfire. 

 

The SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions model requires two inputs to run:

  • A fuelbed GeoTIFF

  • An input file

  • A limiting shapefile (optional)

 

GeoTIFF

The SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions model requires a GeoTIFF.  The GeoTIFF is uploaded to the FMSF, prior to making a run request (see Upload a GeoTIFF), and the ID is used when making the model run request (see Run a Model).

The GeoTIFF must have one band that identifies the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) fuelbeds and can contain additional bands.

Band Name

Units

Required

FCCS

Categorical

Required

100-hr fuel moisture *

Percent

Optional

1000-hr fuel moisture *

Percent

Optional

Duff moisture *

Percent

Optional

*Due to the current limitation of only accepting GeoTIFFs from the LANDFIRE Product Service, these layers cannot be used in the FMSF.

 

Limiting Shapefile

SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions can also use a limiting shapefile.  The limiting shapefile creates a subset of the fuelbed GeoTIFF; cells outside of the limiting shapefile extent will return NODATA for all calculations.

Best practices dictate that this shapefile should be in the same projection and coordinate system as the fuelbed GeoTIFF but that is not a requirement. The geometry type can be point, polygon, polyline

To use a shapefile, it must be uploaded to the system prior to attempting to run the model as the assigned ID is used to specify which file to use. For details on shapefile functionality in the FMSF see the Shapefile Functionality section.

 

Input file

The various input switches included in the input file (*.txt or *.input) passed to the FMSF are documented in the following sections with the valid ranges for each switch.

Example SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions input file including all the input and output switches.         

 

Fuelbed Switches

FCCS_Layer_Number: 1

FOFEM_Fuelbeds: 1

19,P,,,,1.57,55.48,4.5,6.41,0.05,0.08,0.7,0.23,3.23,3.23,3.23,3.23,1.08,1.08,1.08,1.08,11.51,2.88,,3,8,7,999,4,15,-1,221,231

FOFEM_Use_Expanded_Emissions: 1

FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equations: 1

 

FCCS_Layer_Number: X where X is the band number of the FCCS data in the GeoTIFF.

  • Valid range: 1-1000

FOFEM_Fuelbeds: X where X is an integer representing the number of fuelbeds listed. Immediately following this line, 27 comma separated model inputs are provided.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input.

  • Valid rage: 1-500

Fuelbed entries must include the first 27 values in order per line, space delimited outlines below.  When the FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation is set to ‘1’, the last 6 values (28-33) are required. See the FOFEM 6.7 User Guide for detailed information about the parameters.

  1. FCCS fuelbed number (<VALUE> in the GeoTIFF FCCS band)

    • Valid range: >=0

  2. FOFEM Region1

    • Valid range: P = Pacific West, I = Interior West, N = North East, or S = South East

  3. FOFEM Region2

    • Valid range: P, I, N, S or blank (no additional region)

  4. FOFEM Region3

    • Valid range: P, I, N, S or blank (no additional region)

  5. FOFEM Region4

    • Valid range: P, I, N, S or blank (no additional region)

  6. Litter Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  7. Duff Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-356.78

  8. Duff Depth (inches)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  9. Shrub Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  10. Herb Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  11. 1-hour Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  12. 10-hour Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  13. 100-hour Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  14. 3-6 Sound Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  15. 6-9 Sound Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  16. 9-20 Sound Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  17. 20+ Sound Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  18. 3-6 Rotten Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  19. 6-9 Rotten Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  20. 9-20 Rotten Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  21. 20+ Rotten Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  22. Crown Foliage Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  23. Crown Branch Loading (T/ac)

    • Valid range: 0-999

  24. FOFEM cover group

    • NOTE: If left blank, consumption equations are selected based on region and reason or as specified in the fields 28-33 if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • Valid range: GG = grass, SG = shrub, SGC = shrub-chaparral, SB = sagebrush, PN = ponderosa pine, PC = pocosin, BBS = balsam, black, red, white spruce, RJP = red, jack pine, WPH = white pine, hemlock, PFL = pine flatwoods, or blank

  25. Short-term flaming and smoldering combustion (STFS) emission factor group number

  26. Duff residual smoking combustion (DuffRSC) emission factor group number

    • Valid range: 8

  27. Coarse wood residual smoldering combustion (CWRSC) emission factor group number

    • Valid range: 7

  28. Litter load consumption equation

    • NOTE: Include only if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • NOTE: See the FOFEM 6.7 User Guide for details about the consumption equations

    • Valid range: 997, 998, 999, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

  29. Duff load consumption equation

    • Valid range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

  30. Duff depth reduction equation

    • NOTE: Include only if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • Valid range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

  31. Mineral Soil Exposure (MSE) equation

    • NOTE: Include only if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • Valid range: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 202, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

  32. Herb load consumption equation

    • NOTE: Include only if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • Valid range: 22, 221, 222, 223, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

  33. Shrub load consumption equation

    • NOTE: Include only if FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equation switch is 1

    • Valid range: 23, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, or -1 (use the FOFEM default equation)

FOFEM_Use_Expanded_Emissions: X where X is a Boolean value.  Where 1 is true and uses the updated emission factors based on Urbanski (2014) specified in the FOFEM_FuelBeds (25-27). Where 0 is false, which the same as omitting the switch.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input.

  • Valid rage: 0, 1

FOFEM_Use_Consumption_Equations: X where X is a Boolean value.  Where 1 uses the consumption equations specified in the FOFEM_FuelBeds (28-33). Where 0 is the same as omitting the switch.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input.

  • Valid rage: 0, 1

 

Season Switch

FOFEM_Season: Summer

 

FOFEM_Season: X where X is a recognized FOFEM Season

  • Valid range: Spring, Summer, Fall, or Winter.

 

Region Switch

FOFEM_Region: I

 

FOFEM_Region: X where X is a valid FOFEM region

  • Valid range: P = Pacific West, I = Interior West, N = North East, or S = South East

 

Foliage Consumption Switch

FOFEM_Percent_Foliage_Branch_Consumed: 75

 

FOFEM_Percent_Foliage_Branch_Consumed: X where X is the percent of crown foliage and branches consumed entered as an integer.

  • Valid range: 0-100

 

Fuel Moisture Switches

FOFEM_10_Hour_FM: 10.0

FOFEM_1000_Hour_FM: 15.0

FOFEM_Duff_FM: 40

FOFEM_Duff_1000_Hour_x_3: 1

FOFEM_10_Percent_Duff_Moisture: 0

FOFEM_Moisture_Precision: 1

 

FOFEM_10_Hour_FM: X where X is the 10-hour fuel moisture percent entered as an integer applied globally.

  • Valid range: 3-298

FOFEM_1000_Hour_FM: X where X is the 1000-hour fuel moisture percent entered as an integer applied globally.

  • Valid range: 1-300

FOFEM_Duff_FM: X where X is the duff fuel moisture percent entered as an integer applied globally.

  • Valid range: 10-197

FOFEM_Duff_1000_Hour_x_3: X where X is a Boolean value. When set to 1, set duff moisture as FOFEM_1000_Hour_File cell value x 3 for cells that do not have duff fuel moisture in the FOFEM_Duff_File grid or FOFEM_Duff_File is not used. Set duff moisture as FOFEM_1000_Hour_FM x 3 when no FOFEM_1000_Hour_File is defined. Set duff moisture as the FOFEM_Duff_FM value for cells that do not have duff fuel moisture in the FOFEM_Duff_File grid and FOFEM_1000_Hour_File cell value is undefined. When set to 0, the FOFEM_Duff_FM value is used when FOFEM_Duff_File value is undefined or FOFEM_Duff_File is not used.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input

  • NOTE: The FMSF reads in this input but at the current time, it does not allow for GeoTIFFs created from other than the LFPS to be uploaded so this will be ignored.

  • Valid range: 0, 1

FOFEM_10_Percent_Duff_Moisture: X where X is a Boolean value. When set to 1, 100% of the duff for any cell with 10% or less duff moisture will be consumed. When set to 0, and a cell's duff moisture is 10% or less, the duff moisture will be set to 11% to prevent consuming 100% of the duff.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input

  • Valid range: 0, 1

FOFEM_Moisture_Precision: X where X is an integer representing the number of decimal places to use for fuel moisture percent duff and fuel moistures when the values are retrieved from a GeoTIFF file.

  • NOTE: This is an optional input, the default is 0

  • NOTE: The FMSF reads in this input but at the current time, it does not allow for GeoTIFFs created from other than the LFPS to be uploaded so this will be ignored.

  • Valid range: 0-6

 

Output Switches

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_CONSUMED:

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_PERCENT_REDUCED:

FOFEM_FLAMING_PM25:

FOFEM_FLAMING_PM10:

 

The SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions model will produce up to 112 gridded output layers as well as two non-grid outputs. 

Gridded outputs are requested by using the appropriate switch(s) in the input file. The order the switch(s) are listed in the input file correlate to the band order in the output GeoTIFF. The non-gridded outputs are always generated and cannot be requested.

 

Grid outputs (part of the multi-band GeoTIFF)

Switch

Output Layer 

Units 

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_PREBURN:

Total fuel preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_CONSUMED:

Total fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_POSTBURN:

Total fuel postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_FUEL_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Total fuel reduction

Percent

FOFEM_LITTER_PREBURN:

Litter preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_LITTER_CONSUMED:

Litter inch fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_LITTER_POSTBURN:

Litter inch postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_LITTER_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Litter inch reduction

Percent

FOFEM_1_HOUR_PREBURN:

0-¼ inch preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_1_HOUR_CONSUMED:

0-¼ inch fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_1_HOUR_POSTBURN:

0-¼ inch postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_1_HOUR_PERCENT_REDUCED:

0-¼ inch reduction

Percent

FOFEM_10_HOUR_PREBURN:

¼-1 inch preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_10_HOUR_CONSUMED:

¼-1 inch fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_10_HOUR_POSTBURN:

¼-1 inch postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_10_HOUR_PERCENT_REDUCED:

¼-1 inch reduction

Percent

FOFEM_100_HOUR_PREBURN:

1-3 inch preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_100_HOUR_CONSUMED:

1-3 inch fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_100_HOUR_POSTBURN:

1-3 inch postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_100_HOUR_PERCENT_REDUCED:

1-3 inch reduction

Percent

FOFEM_SOUND_3_6_PREBURN:

3-6 inch Sound preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_3_6_CONSUMED:

3-6 inch Sound fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_3_6_POSTBURN:

3-6 inch Sound postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_3_6_PERCENT_REDUCED:

3-6 inch Sound reduction

Percent

FOFEM_SOUND_6_9_PREBURN:

6-9 inch Sound preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_6_9_CONSUMED:

6-9 inch Sound fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_6_9_POSTBURN:

6-9 inch Sound postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_6_9_PERCENT_REDUCED:

6-9 inch Sound reduction

Percent

FOFEM_SOUND_9_20_PREBURN:

9-20 inch Sound preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_9_20_CONSUMED:

9-20 inch Sound fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_9_20_POSTBURN:

9-20 inch Sound postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_9_20_PERCENT_REDUCED:

9-20 inch Sound reduction

Percent

FOFEM_SOUND_20_PLUS_PREBURN:

20+ inch Sound preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_20_PLUS_CONSUMED:

20+ inch Sound fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_20_PLUS_POSTBURN:

20+ inch Sound postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SOUND_20_PLUS_PERCENT_REDUCED:

20+ inch Sound reduction

Percent

FOFEM_ROTTEN_3_6_PREBURN:

3-6 inch Rotten preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_3_6_CONSUMED:

3-6 inch Rotten fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_3_6_POSTBURN:

3-6 inch Rotten postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_3_6_PERCENT_REDUCED:

3-6 inch Rotten reduction

Percent

FOFEM_ROTTEN_6_9_PREBURN:

6-9 inch Rotten preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_6_9_CONSUMED:

6-9 inch Rotten fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_6_9_POSTBURN:

6-9 inch Rotten postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_6_9_PERCENT_REDUCED:

6-9 inch Rotten reduction

Percent

FOFEM_ROTTEN_9_20_PREBURN:

9-20 inch Rotten preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_9_20_CONSUMED:

9-20 inch Rotten fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_9_20_POSTBURN:

9-20 inch Rotten postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_9_20_PERCENT_REDUCED:

9-20 inch Rotten reduction

Percent

FOFEM_ROTTEN_20_PLUS_PREBURN:

20+ inch Rotten preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_20_PLUS_CONSUMED:

20+ inch Rotten fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_20_PLUS_POSTBURN:

20+ inch Rotten postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_ROTTEN_20_PLUS_PERCENT_REDUCED:

20+ inch Rotten reduction

Percent

FOFEM_DUFF_PREBURN:

Duff preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_DUFF_CONSUMED:

Duff fuel load consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_DUFF_POSTBURN:

Duff postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_DUFF_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Duff fuel load reduction

Percent

FOFEM_DUFF_DEPTH_PREBURN:

Duff preburn depth

inches

FOFEM_DUFF_DEPTH_CONSUMED:

Duff depth consumed

inches

FOFEM_DUFF_DEPTH_POSTBURN:

Duff postburn depth

inches

FOFEM_DUFF_DEPTH_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Duff depth reduced

Percent

FOFEM_MINERAL_SOIL_EXPOSED:

Mineral soil exposed

Percent

FOFEM_HERB_PREBURN:

Herbaceous preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_HERB_CONSUMED:

Herbaceous fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_HERB_POSTBURN:

Herbaceous postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_HERB_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Herbaceous fuel reduction

Percent

FOFEM_SHRUB_PREBURN:

Shrub preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SHRUB_CONSUMED:

Shrub fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_SHRUB_POSTBURN:

Shrub postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SHRUB_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Shrub fuel reduction

Percent

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_PREBURN:

Crown foliage preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_CONSUMED:

Crown foliage fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_POSTBURN:

Crown foliage postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Crown foliage fuel reduction

Percent

FOFEM_BRANCH_PREBURN:

Crown branchwood preburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_BRANCH_CONSUMED:

Crown branchwood fuel consumed

T/acre

FOFEM_BRANCH_POSTBURN:

Crown branchwood postburn loading

T/acre

FOFEM_BRANCH_PERCENT_REDUCED:

Crown branchwood fuel reduction

Percent

FOFEM_LITTER_CARBON_PREBURN:

Litter preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_LITTER_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Litter postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_WOOD_CARBON_PREBURN:

Wood preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_WOOD_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Wood postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_DUFF_CARBON_PREBURN:

Duff preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_DUFF_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Duff postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_HERB_CARBON_PREBURN:

Herbaceous preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_HERB_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Herbaceous postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SHRUB_CARBON_PREBURN:

Shrub preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_SHRUB_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Shrub postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_BRANCH_CARBON_PREBURN:

Crown preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_FOLIAGE_BRANCH_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Crown postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_CARBON_PREBURN:

Total preburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_CARBON_POSTBURN:

Total postburn carbon loading

T/acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_CO2:

CO2 produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_CO:

CO produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_CH4:

CH4 produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_NOX:

NOX produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_SO2:

SO2 produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_PM25:

PM 2.5 produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_FLAMING_PM10:

PM 10 produced by flaming

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_CO2:

CO2 produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_CO:

CO produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_CH4:

CH4 produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_NOX:

NOX produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_SO2:

SO2 produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_PM25:

PM 2.5 produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_SMOLDERING_PM10:

PM 10 produced by smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_CO2:

CO2 produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_CO:

CO produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_CH4:

CH4 produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_NOX:

NOX produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_SO2:

SO2 produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_PM25:

PM 2.5 produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

FOFEM_TOTAL_PM10:

PM 10 produced by flaming and smoldering

lb./acre

 

Non-grid outputs

Warnings.csv reports any run time warnings present the fuelbed number, 10-hr moisture, 3”+ moisture, duff moisture, cell count and warning/error for the associated warning record.

Statistics.csv includes summary statistics for all inputs and outputs.

 

Switches Not Currently Supported by the FMSF

The FMSF does not currently support all switches available within the SpatialFOFEM Consumption and Emissions model. Those not supported are listed below.

FOFEM_10_Hour_File: X where X is the complete path to the 10-hr fuel moisture GeoTIFF.

  • The FMSF requires this data be a part of the GeoTIFF which includes the FCCS layer

FOFEM_10_Hour_Layer_Number: X where X where X is the band number of the 10-hr fuel moisture data in the GeoTIFF.

  • Currently the FMSF only permits GeoTIFFs created through the LANDFIRE Product Service. We will be working on allowing users to upload their own in a future release

FOFEM_1000_Hour_File: X where X is the complete path to the 1000-hour fuel moistures GeoTIFF.

  • The FMSF requires this data be a part of the GeoTIFF which includes the FCCS layer

FOFEM_1000_Hour_Layer_Number: X where X where X is the band number of the 1000-hr fuel moisture data in the GeoTIFF.

  • Currently the FMSF only permits GeoTIFFs created through the LANDFIRE Product Service. We will be working on allowing users to upload their own in a future release

FOFEM_Duff_File: X where X is the complete path to the duff fuel moisture GeoTIFF.

  • The FMSF requires this data be a part of the GeoTIFF which includes the FCCS layer

FOFEM_Duff_Layer_Number: X where X where X is the band number of the duff moisture data in the GeoTIFF.

  • Currently the FMSF only permits GeoTIFFs created through the LANDFIRE Product Service. We will be working on allowing users to upload their own in a future release